There are a few reasons why a photographer will shoot or crop a portrait very tightly:
1) Cut off distractions in the foreground or background. Sometimes the subject themselves might be wearing a distraction like text or logos on clothing, a shirt with an ugly colour or loud pattern, etc.
2) Dramatic effect. A tightly composed portrait emphasizes the person’s eyes and facial expression. An otherwise routine portrait can be made more attention-getting by cropping tightly.
3) Graphic effect. A tightly composed portrait can sometimes produce interesting lines or shape.
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